Frene ginwala biography sample

On her application form to The Inner Temple, she gave a frene ginwala biography sample address in Fordsburg, historically a multicultural suburb of Johannesburg with strong Indian, Pakistani and Jewish communities. When Frene Ginwala was 16, though, a new South African government was elected on a promise to make racial division—what became known as apartheid—a matter of official policy.

One of the key legislative planks of apartheid was the Group Areas Actwhich gave the government the power to decide where different racial groups were permitted to live. Frene Ginwala became active in resisting apartheid while still a young woman. She was previously a board member of the International institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance as frene ginwala biography sample as the former Chairperson of the Southern African Development Community Parliamentary Forum.

Ginwala maintains her interest in promoting democracy, good governance, development and human rights, and human security. The Order of Luthuli in Silver Frene Noshir Ginwala - Awarded for: Her excellent contribution to the struggle against gender oppression and her tireless contribution to the struggle for anon-sexist, non-racial, just and democratic society.

January African Affairs. ISSN Brand South Africa. Retrieved 11 July Frene Noshir Ginwala". Parsi Khabar. Archived from the original on 13 September Retrieved 18 November North-South Centre. External links [ edit ]. Speakers of the lower house of Parliament of South Africa. Authority control databases. United States Netherlands Norway Israel. Hidden categories: All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from December Articles with permanently dead external links Webarchive template wayback links Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata Use dmy dates from March Use South African English from July All Wikipedia articles written in South African English.

In historical memory this marks the beginning of the end of the passive resistance to apartheid and the beginning of the militant phase. ANC leadership had most likely suspected that there would be consequences to the escalation of protest over the s and were somewhat aware that the organization would be banned, or at least targeted. The media of South Africa, though controlled by the government, covered these protests and in Durban, Dr.

Ginwala likely listened to coverage. That night she was contacted by Sisulu and advised to go visit her parents, who lived in Lourenco Marques, Mozambique. The next day she boarded a plane and did not re-enter the country of her birth until thirty-one years later. Mozambique at that time was still under the colonial control of Portugal, but within months the anti-colonial guerrilla movement would begin.

Ginwala was a strategic choice by the ANC to facilitate the escape of members of the ANC into exile: she had connections in East Africa and was not a publicly noticeable figure at that time. Ginwala helped many prominent members of the ANC, who would later become leaders in the post-apartheid government, escape from South Africa after the ANC was banned.

Oliver Tambo was one of the first she brought across the border into Southern Rhodesia. Over the next few years she would assist many others including future President Nelson Mandela. Her role was not only to provide safe passage out of South Africa, but also to help these people, usually men, back into the country. It was essential for the ANC to maintain support that there were elements of the leadership within South Africa and members who were garnering support for the movement internationally.

The anti-apartheid movement was dependent upon mass popular mobilization. If people of all races and genders were risking their freedom and lives to protest in the hopes of bringing down the apartheid regime, the ANC officials would not be respected if they remained on the fringe of the fight. Ginwala felt guilty for sending her friends and colleagues back into what was essentially a war-zone.

She knew many would be arrested, such as Mandela inand that would affect the movement. In exile, ANC officials could work towards fostering support for the anti-apartheid movement outside of South Africa. They could use the freedom of media and travel to encourage the international community to take action against the Nationalist regime. The most effective way to bring down the apartheid regime was to bring as much attention to it as possible.

The antiapartheid leaders learned from the Civil Rights movement in America that was developing at the same time. If the public could see the atrocities, it was easier to put pressure upon the government. Ginwala founded and acted as the editor of a monthly journal, Spearheadin Tanzania. However there is no indication that Ginwala herself was involved with the militant wing of the ANC.

She definitely assisted the members in leaving and re-entering South Africa, but because she was a woman and educated, she was not likely to participate. Women did take part in MK activities but in much smaller numbers than men because of their familial responsibilities and a gendered system that defined armed resistance as masculine. Furthermore, Ginwala was well educated and had the skills to become an international figure.

In the late s, probably the summer ofthe government of Tanzania declared her a prohibited immigrant and she was deported. She had also injured her leg in some unrecorded way and took her second exile as an opportunity to go to the United Kingdom. She recuperated and gave speeches and wrote articles on the need to bring down the apartheid regime.

Although her studies were going well, she returned to Tanzania when President Julian Nyerere of Tanzania lifted her ban and asked Ginwala to be the managing editor of the nationalized English-language newspaper, The Standard. Ginwala accepted and established the journal as well as wrote free-lance articles on East Africa for British news sources such as The Guardian and The Economist.

She also took a role as a broadcaster for BBC radio. The apartheid government heavily monitored what could and could not be published within the country and attempted to control what left the country [24]. The Tanzanian government was more liberal.

Frene ginwala biography sample

She was permitted to criticize the country of her birth, but certain restrictions were imposed upon her. When she published an article criticizing General Mamare for executing members of the Communist Party in Sudan, she was dismissed from Spearhead and the government turned hostile towards her. She left Tanzania once again to complete her Doctorate in Philosophy at Oxford.

She continued to publish and raise awareness about the situation in South Africa while abroad. During the s she travelled around the world to gain support for the antiapartheid movement and the ANC. Thus when, two years later, more than six hundred South Africans were killed in the Soweto Township Uprising, the ANC was able to broadcast the information abroad and correct the misinformation coming from South Africa that this was a hostile, Communist movement and the government was merely trying to protect democracy.

Ginwala helped bring attention to other abuses by the South African Government: the forced resettlement of millions of black South Africans in Bantustans, the suspension of due process, and the disappearance of thousands without a trace. She became well known within international organizations for her persistent advocacy of international action.

Her active participation in the international community indicates the faith Ginwala had in the resolution of a lifetime of resistance through multinational cooperation. In particular she was an advocate of sanctions being imposed against the Nationalist government by important allies such as the United States and Britain.