Kartosoewirjo sukarno biography

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Movies [ edit ]. See also [ edit ]. Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Sukarno category. Wikiquote has quotations related to Sukarno. Notes [ edit ]. However, he remained the nominal president. Later in the month, a new cabinet was announced. References [ edit ]. Sukarno: A Political Biography. A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. London: MacMillan.

ISBN Hendra ed. BertuahPos in Indonesian. Archived from the original on 12 August Retrieved 6 February Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. Archived from the original on 23 April Retrieved 23 April The Washington Post. Washington, D. Archived from the original on 31 October Retrieved 5 November The Guardian. Retrieved 17 October Princeton University Press.

Blumenthal and Timothy L. McCormack eds. International Humanitarian Law. ISBN p. Journal of Third World Studies. ISSN JSTOR Sukarno: An Autobiography. The Bobbs-Merrill Company Inc. Zein Jakarta: Penerbit Bulan Bintang. Retrieved 23 October Sukarno, An Autobiography. Biografi Tokoh. Archived from the original on 23 October Retrieved 20 October University Press of Kentucky.

Retrieved 19 February Retrieved 7 June Indonesian Destinies. My Friend the Dictator. Palgrave Macmillan. Armonk, NY: M. Sharpe Incorporated. Country Studies, Indonesia. Library of Congress. The Politics of War. Retrieved 21 December Southeast Asia. Documents of Political Development and Change. Ithaca and London. Archived from the original on 4 November Armonk, New York: M.

The British Occupation of Indonesia — New York: Routledge. Retrieved 14 February New York: Palgrave Macmillan. New York: Times Books. Retrieved 28 November Political Censorship. Sukarno, tentara, PKI: segitiga kekuasaan sebelum prahara politik, — in Indonesian. Yayasan Obor Indonesia. Greenwood Publishing Group. Archived from the original on 19 July Retrieved 3 January Diplomatic History Archived from the original on 15 April Retrieved 18 May Indonesian Communism under Sukarno, — Sukarno Files.

Yayasan Obor. Bung Karno, My Friend. Bali — A Paradise Created. Asian Survey.

Kartosoewirjo sukarno biography

S2CID The Observer. Retrieved 8 July Retrieved 10 September Archived from the original on 4 February Retrieved 20 April Retrieved 23 June Archived from the original on 23 June Dian 14 November Retrieved 28 June The New York Times. Archived from the original PDF on 13 August Retrieved 7 September National Library of Indonesia. Retrieved 9 November Hitler's Asian Adventure.

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Aidit M. Communism portal. Authority control databases. Toggle the table of contents. In office 18 August — 12 March [ a ]. Mohammad Hatta — In office 27 December — 17 August In office 9 July — 25 July Suharto as Chairman of the Cabinet Presidium. Grave of Sukarno. PNI — Hogere Burgerschool te Soerabaja. Technische Hoogeschool te Bandoeng Ir.

Politician engineer activist. This article is part of a series about Sukarno. New kartosoewirjo sukarno biography Indonesian independence. President of Indonesia 18 August — 12 March Indonesia is an archipelago that is as wide as the distance between Ireland and the Caucasus; it is the fourth most populous nation in the world. Countries of similar size and diversity all have adopted federal forms of governance.

But in Indonesia, federation is still a loaded concept, one that many see as a betrayal of the fight against the colonial power. About the author Dr. Lambert J. Giebels was a Dutch politician and writer who was renowned in the Netherlands for his political biographies. His two-volume biography of Sukarno, written in Dutch, originally consisted of 1, pages.

Negara Islam Indonesia [ sunting sunting sumber ]. Keluarga [ sunting sunting sumber ]. Lihat pula [ sunting sunting sumber ]. Referensi [ sunting sunting sumber ]. Darul Falah. Darul Islam dan S. Pustaka Sinar Harapan. Berita Inspiratif. Diakses tanggal 21 Mei Islam di Indonesia. Maimun Zubair. Maluku Maluku Utara. Kategori tersembunyi: Artikel biografi dengan tabel penghargaan Semua orang yang sudah meninggal Tanggal kelahiran 7 Januari Tanggal kematian 5 September Artikel dengan templat lahirmati Semua artikel biografi Artikel biografi Januari Gulingkan daftar isi.

Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosoewirjo. Masa jabatan 7 Agustus — 4 Juni Pendahulu posisi dibentuk Pengganti posisi dihapuskan. Penghukuman mati dengan regu tembak. During the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies —Kartosuwiryo established armed militias in the Garut area, one of many such groups supported and armed by the Japanese to help them resist any future Allied invasion.

During the Indonesian National Revolutionhis Darul Islam kartosoewirjo sukarno biography remained on amicable terms with the secular Republican forces until the latter withdrew from West Java according to the terms of the Renville Agreement inwhile Kartosuwiryo continued the guerrilla struggle against occupying Dutch forces. After the second Dutch offensive Operation Kraai in DecemberRepublican guerrillas slipping back into West Java were attacked by Kartosuwiryo's militia, resulting in a triangular war between the Republican forces, Darul Islam, and the Dutch army.

After the transfer of sovereignty from the DutchKartosuwiryo refused to acknowledge returning Republican authority and continued attacking returning Republican forces, culminating in a full-blown insurgency. During the s, a weak central government and uncoordinated military response from the government allowed Darul Islam to flourish, controlling one-third of West Java and even launching raids as far as the outskirts of Jakarta.

Islamic rebels in South Sulawesi and Aceh joined Darul Islam and acknowledged Kartosuwiryo as their highest authority though in practice there was little coordination between the rebels in the different provinces. Inagents sent by Kartosuwiryo unsuccessfully attempted to assassinate Sukarno with a grenade attack during a primary school function at CikiniCentral Jakarta.

The declaration of martial law in and the establishment of Guided Democracy by Sukarno in proved to be a turning point for Darul Islam 's fortunes. The military introduced the effective "fence of legs" method to encircle the guerrillas' mountain bases and cut off their supply and escape routes, forcing the rebels to surrender or face annihilation in the face of superior firepower.

Kartosuwiryo responded by declaring "total war" inin which Darul Islam guerrillas increasingly used terror tactics and banditry against civilians, further alienating the population. He also sent agents to Jakartawhere in May they made another unsuccessful assassination attempt on Sukarno during the Eid al-Adha prayers.